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W. Steven Ward, PhD

TitleDirector, Institute for Biogenesis Research
Faculty RankProfessor
InstitutionUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa
DepartmentAnatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology
AddressUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa
1960 East-West Rd.
Honolulu HI 96822
Phone8089565189
Fax8089567316
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    Other Positions
    TitleChief, Division Research
    InstitutionJohn A. Burns School of Medicine
    DepartmentObstetrics, Gynecology & Women''s Health


    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse awards and honors
    2014 - 2020Lakshmi Devi and Devraj Sharma Endowed Chair, University of Hawaii

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Crites GE, Ward WL, Archuleta P, Fornari A, Hill SEM, Westervelt LM, Raymond N. A Scoping Review of Health Care Faculty Mentorship Programs in Academia: Implications for Program Design, Implementation, and Outcome Evaluation. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2023 01 01; 43(1):42-51. PMID: 36215162.
      Citations: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    2. Ward WL, Washburn JJ, Triplett PT, Jones SL, Teigen A, Dolphin M, Thienhaus OJ, Deal N. Role Distinctions and Role Overlap Among Behavioral Health Providers. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2023 03; 30(1):80-91. PMID: 35366172.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    3. Ribas-Maynou J, Nguyen H, Wu H, Ward WS. Functional Aspects of Sperm Chromatin Organization. Results Probl Cell Differ. 2022; 70:295-311. PMID: 36348112.
      Citations: 12     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    4. Leventhal G, Stamm KE, Washburn JJ, Rolston C, Yozwiak JA, Hamp A, Cash ED, Ward WL, Hong BA, Williams AM, Robiner WN. Patterns of Psychologists' Interprofessional Collaboration Across Clinical Practice Settings. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2021 12; 28(4):844-867. PMID: 34405342.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    5. Ward WS. Organization of sperm DNA by the nuclear matrix. Am J Clin Exp Urol. 2018; 6(2):87-92. PMID: 29666836.
      Citations:    
    6. Nguyen H, James NG, Nguyen L, Nguyen TP, Vuong C, Ortega MA, Jameson DM, Ward WS. Higher Order Oligomerization of the Licensing ORC4 Protein Is Required for Polar Body Extrusion in Murine Meiosis. J Cell Biochem. 2017 09; 118(9):2941-2949. PMID: 28230328.
      Citations: 5     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    7. Swindle TM, Ward WL, Bokony P, Whiteside-Mansell L. A Cross-Sectional Study of Early Childhood Educators' Childhood and Current Food Insecurity and Dietary Intake. J Hunger Environ Nutr. 2018; 13(1):40-54. PMID: 29606990.
      Citations:    
    8. Ortega MA, Ko M, Marh J, Finberg A, Oshiro M, Ward WS. Presence of the Paternal Pronucleus Assists Embryo in Overcoming Cycloheximide Induced Abnormalities in Zygotic Mitosis. J Cell Biochem. 2016 08; 117(8):1806-12. PMID: 26729559.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    9. Gawecka JE, Boaz S, Kasperson K, Nguyen H, Evenson DP, Ward WS. Luminal fluid of epididymis and vas deferens contributes to sperm chromatin fragmentation. Hum Reprod. 2015 Dec; 30(12):2725-36. PMID: 26466911.
      Citations: 15     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    10. Ortega MA, Nguyen H, Ward WS. ORC proteins in the mammalian zygote. Cell Tissue Res. 2016 Jan; 363(1):195-200. PMID: 26453397.
      Citations: 8     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    11. Gawecka JE, Ribas-Maynou J, Benet J, Ward WS. A model for the control of DNA integrity by the sperm nuclear matrix. Asian J Androl. 2015 Jul-Aug; 17(4):610-5. PMID: 25926613.
      Citations: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    12. Nguyen H, Ortega MA, Ko M, Marh J, Ward WS. ORC4 surrounds extruded chromatin in female meiosis. J Cell Biochem. 2015 May; 116(5):778-86. PMID: 25502171.
      Citations: 11     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    13. Ward WS, Moisyadi S. Medical school hotline: The Institute for Biogenesis Research: a flower in the Pacific. Hawaii J Med Public Health. 2014 Dec; 73(12):393-6. PMID: 25628972.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    14. Herzer KR, Niessen L, Constenla DO, Ward WJ, Pronovost PJ. Cost-effectiveness of a quality improvement programme to reduce central line-associated bloodstream infections in intensive care units in the USA. BMJ Open. 2014 Sep 25; 4(9):e006065. PMID: 25256190.
      Citations: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    15. Corey RM, Swett K, Ward WG. Epidemiology and survivorship of soft tissue sarcomas in adults: a national cancer database report. Cancer Med. 2014 Oct; 3(5):1404-15. PMID: 25044961.
      Citations: 43     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    16. Ward WG, Cooper JM, Lippert D, Kablawi RO, Neiberg RH, Sherertz RJ. Glove and gown effects on intraoperative bacterial contamination. Ann Surg. 2014 Mar; 259(3):591-7. PMID: 24045444.
      Citations: 16     Fields:    Translation:HumansCellsPHPublic Health
    17. Ward WG, Corey RM. To wash or not to wash: that is the question: Commentary on an article by S.J. van Meurs, MD, et al.: "Selection of an optimal antiseptic solution for intraoperative irrigation. An in vitro study". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014 Feb 19; 96(4):e34. PMID: 24553903.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    18. Ribas-Maynou J, Gawecka JE, Benet J, Ward WS. Double-stranded DNA breaks hidden in the neutral Comet assay suggest a role of the sperm nuclear matrix in DNA integrity maintenance. Mol Hum Reprod. 2014 Apr; 20(4):330-40. PMID: 24282283.
      Citations: 20     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    19. Gawecka JE, Marh J, Ortega M, Yamauchi Y, Ward MA, Ward WS. Mouse zygotes respond to severe sperm DNA damage by delaying paternal DNA replication and embryonic development. PLoS One. 2013; 8(2):e56385. PMID: 23431372.
      Citations: 65     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    20. Ward WS. Isolation of sperm nuclei and nuclear matrices from the mouse, and other rodents. Methods Mol Biol. 2013; 927:437-44. PMID: 22992934.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    21. Ortega MA, Marh J, Alarcon VB, Ward WS. Unique pattern of ORC2 and MCM7 localization during DNA replication licensing in the mouse zygote. Biol Reprod. 2012 Sep; 87(3):62. PMID: 22674395.
      Citations: 6     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    22. Ward WS. Pum 1 sequesters apoptosis during spermatogenesis. Asian J Androl. 2012 Jul; 14(4):513. PMID: 22522507.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Animals
    23. Yamazaki Y, Ward WS. A new Speedy/RINGO protein may help regulate male meiosis. Asian J Androl. 2011 May; 13(3):363. PMID: 21540866.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Animals
    24. Ward WS. Regulating DNA supercoiling: sperm points the way. Biol Reprod. 2011 May; 84(5):841-3. PMID: 21248288.
      Citations: 8     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    25. Ortega MA, Sil P, Ward WS. Mammalian sperm chromatin as a model for chromatin function in DNA degradation and DNA replication. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2011 Feb; 57(1-2):43-9. PMID: 21204750.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    26. Yamauchi Y, Shaman JA, Ward WS. Non-genetic contributions of the sperm nucleus to embryonic development. Asian J Androl. 2011 Jan; 13(1):31-5. PMID: 20953203.
      Citations: 26     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    27. Dominguez K, Ward WS. A novel nuclease activity that is activated by Ca(2+) chelated to EGTA. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2009 Dec; 55(5-6):193-9. PMID: 19938954.
      Citations: 13     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    28. Ward WS. Function of sperm chromatin structural elements in fertilization and development. Mol Hum Reprod. 2010 Jan; 16(1):30-6. PMID: 19748904.
      Citations: 125     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    29. Yamauchi Y, Ward MA, Ward WS. Asynchronous DNA replication and origin licensing in the mouse one-cell embryo. J Cell Biochem. 2009 May 15; 107(2):214-23. PMID: 19301258.
      Citations: 13     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    30. Boaz SM, Dominguez K, Shaman JA, Ward WS. Mouse spermatozoa contain a nuclease that is activated by pretreatment with EGTA and subsequent calcium incubation. J Cell Biochem. 2008 Apr 01; 103(5):1636-45. PMID: 17879959.
      Citations: 18     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    31. Shaman JA, Yamauchi Y, Ward WS. The sperm nuclear matrix is required for paternal DNA replication. J Cell Biochem. 2007 Oct 15; 102(3):680-8. PMID: 17415751.
      Citations: 29     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    32. Umylny B, Presting G, Efird JT, Klimovitsky BI, Ward WS. Most human Alu and murine B1 repeats are unique. J Cell Biochem. 2007 Sep 01; 102(1):110-21. PMID: 17407136.
      Citations: 12     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    33. Umylny B, Presting G, Ward WS. Evidence of Alu and B1 expression in dbEST. Arch Androl. 2007 Jul-Aug; 53(4):207-18. PMID: 17852045.
      Citations: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    34. Shaman JA, Yamauchi Y, Ward WS. Sperm DNA fragmentation: awakening the sleeping genome. Biochem Soc Trans. 2007 Jun; 35(Pt 3):626-8. PMID: 17511666.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    35. Yamauchi Y, Shaman JA, Boaz SM, Ward WS. Paternal pronuclear DNA degradation is functionally linked to DNA replication in mouse oocytes. Biol Reprod. 2007 Sep; 77(3):407-15. PMID: 17494913.
      Citations: 23     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    36. Shaman JA, Yamauchi Y, Ward WS. Function of the sperm nuclear matrix. Arch Androl. 2007 May-Jun; 53(3):135-40. PMID: 17612871.
      Citations: 16     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    37. Yamauchi Y, Shaman JA, Ward WS. Topoisomerase II-mediated breaks in spermatozoa cause the specific degradation of paternal DNA in fertilized oocytes. Biol Reprod. 2007 Apr; 76(4):666-72. PMID: 17182890.
      Citations: 18     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    38. Shaman JA, Prisztoka R, Ward WS. Topoisomerase IIB and an extracellular nuclease interact to digest sperm DNA in an apoptotic-like manner. Biol Reprod. 2006 Nov; 75(5):741-8. PMID: 16914690.
      Citations: 30     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    39. Lozanoff S, Ward WS. Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, JABSOM. Hawaii Med J. 2006 May; 65(5):146-7. PMID: 16774144.
      Citations:    Fields:    
    40. Sotolongo B, Huang TT, Isenberger E, Ward WS. An endogenous nuclease in hamster, mouse, and human spermatozoa cleaves DNA into loop-sized fragments. J Androl. 2005 Mar-Apr; 26(2):272-80. PMID: 15713834.
      Citations: 41     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    41. Ward MA, Ward WS. A model for the function of sperm DNA degradation. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2004; 16(5):547-54. PMID: 15355763.
      Citations: 15     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    42. Sotolongo B, Lino E, Ward WS. Ability of hamster spermatozoa to digest their own DNA. Biol Reprod. 2003 Dec; 69(6):2029-35. PMID: 12930713.
      Citations: 36     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    43. Szczygiel MA, Moisyadi S, Ward WS. Expression of foreign DNA is associated with paternal chromosome degradation in intracytoplasmic sperm injection-mediated transgenesis in the mouse. Biol Reprod. 2003 May; 68(5):1903-10. PMID: 12606337.
      Citations: 11     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    44. Szczygiel MA, Ward WS. Combination of dithiothreitol and detergent treatment of spermatozoa causes paternal chromosomal damage. Biol Reprod. 2002 Nov; 67(5):1532-7. PMID: 12390885.
      Citations: 14     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    45. Mohar I, Szczygiel MA, Yanagimachi R, Ward WS. Sperm nuclear halos can transform into normal chromosomes after injection into oocytes. Mol Reprod Dev. 2002 Jul; 62(3):416-20. PMID: 12112607.
      Citations: 11     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    46. Ankem MK, Mayer E, Ward WS, Cummings KB, Barone JG. Novel assay for determining DNA organization in human spermatozoa: implications for male factor infertility. Urology. 2002 Apr; 59(4):575-8. PMID: 11927317.
      Citations: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    47. Klaus AV, McCarrey JR, Farkas A, Ward WS. Changes in DNA loop domain structure during spermatogenesis and embryogenesis in the Syrian golden hamster. Biol Reprod. 2001 May; 64(5):1297-306. PMID: 11319132.
      Citations: 5     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    48. Barone JG, Christiano AP, Ward WS. DNA organization in patients with a history of cryptorchidism. Urology. 2000 Dec 20; 56(6):1068-70. PMID: 11113770.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    49. McCarthy S, Ward WS. Interaction of exogenous DNA with the nuclear matrix of live spermatozoa. Mol Reprod Dev. 2000 Jun; 56(2 Suppl):235-7. PMID: 10824974.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    50. Ward WS, Kishikawa H, Akutsu H, Yanagimachi H, Yanagimachi R. Further evidence that sperm nuclear proteins are necessary for embryogenesis. Zygote. 2000 Feb; 8(1):51-6. PMID: 10840874.
      Citations: 5     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    51. Sotolongo B, Ward WS. DNA loop domain organization: the three-dimensional genomic code. J Cell Biochem Suppl. 2000; Suppl 35:23-6. PMID: 11389528.
      Citations: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    52. Ward WS, Kimura Y, Yanagimachi R. An intact sperm nuclear matrix may be necessary for the mouse paternal genome to participate in embryonic development. Biol Reprod. 1999 Mar; 60(3):702-6. PMID: 10026119.
      Citations: 29     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    53. McCarthy S, Ward WS. Functional aspects of mammalian sperm chromatin. Hum Fertil (Camb). 1999; 2(1):56-60. PMID: 11844327.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    
    54. Farkas A, Schneider D, Perrotti M, Cummings KB, Ward WS. National trends in the epidemiology of prostate cancer, 1973 to 1994: evidence for the effectiveness of prostate-specific antigen screening. Urology. 1998 Sep; 52(3):444-8; discussion 448-9. PMID: 9730458.
      Citations: 24     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    55. Perrotti M, Rabbani F, Farkas A, Ward WS, Cummings KB. Trends in poorly differentiated prostate cancer 1973 to 1994: observations from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. J Urol. 1998 Sep; 160(3 Pt 1):811-5. PMID: 9720554.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    56. Niemczyk P, Cummings KB, Sarvazyan AP, Bancila E, Ward WS, Weiss RE. Correlation of mechanical imaging and histopathology of radical prostatectomy specimens: a pilot study for detecting prostate cancer. J Urol. 1998 Sep; 160(3 Pt 1):797-801. PMID: 9720551.
      Citations: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    57. Tateno H, Wakayama T, Ward WS, Yanagimachi R. Can alcohol retain the reproductive and genetic potential of sperm nuclei? Chromosome analysis of mouse spermatozoa stored in alcohol. Zygote. 1998 Aug; 6(3):233-8. PMID: 9854795.
      Citations: 4     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    58. Farkas A, Schneider D, Cummings KB, Ward WS. Is prostate cancer screening analogous to lung cancer screening? JAMA. 1997 Apr 09; 277(14):1120; author reply 1121-2. PMID: 9087461.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    59. Ward WS, McNeil J, de Lara J, Lawrence J. Localization of three genes in the hook-shaped hamster sperm nucleus by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Biol Reprod. 1996 Jun; 54(6):1271-8. PMID: 8724355.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    60. Ward WS, Zalensky AO. The unique, complex organization of the transcriptionally silent sperm chromatin. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 1996; 6(2-3):139-47. PMID: 8855386.
      Citations: 17     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    61. Nadel B, de Lara J, Finkernagel SW, Ward WS. Cell-specific organization of the 5S ribosomal RNA gene cluster DNA loop domains in spermatozoa and somatic cells. Biol Reprod. 1995 Nov; 53(5):1222-8. PMID: 8527528.
      Citations: 11     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    62. Nadel B, De Lara J, Ward WS. Structure of the rRNA genes in the hamster sperm nucleus. J Androl. 1995 Nov-Dec; 16(6):517-22. PMID: 8867600.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    63. Ji P, Karim OM, Boyd CD, Mostwin JL, Ward WS. Elastin morphology in normal and obstructed guinea-pig bladders. Localization of elastin to the trigone. World J Urol. 1995; 13(3):191-4. PMID: 7550394.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Animals
    64. Ward WS. The structure of the sleeping genome: implications of sperm DNA organization for somatic cells. J Cell Biochem. 1994 May; 55(1):77-82. PMID: 8083302.
      Citations: 11     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    65. Barone JG, De Lara J, Cummings KB, Ward WS. DNA organization in human spermatozoa. J Androl. 1994 Mar-Apr; 15(2):139-44. PMID: 8056637.
      Citations: 12     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    66. Pienta KJ, Ward WS. An unstable nuclear matrix may contribute to genetic instability. Med Hypotheses. 1994 Jan; 42(1):45-52. PMID: 8196560.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    67. de Lara J, Wydner KL, Hyland KM, Ward WS. Fluorescent in situ hybridization of the telomere repeat sequence in hamster sperm nuclear structures. J Cell Biochem. 1993 Nov; 53(3):213-21. PMID: 8263038.
      Citations: 5     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    68. Ward WS. Deoxyribonucleic acid loop domain tertiary structure in mammalian spermatozoa. Biol Reprod. 1993 Jun; 48(6):1193-201. PMID: 8318576.
      Citations: 14     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    69. Cummings KB, Barone JG, Ward WS. Diagnosis and staging of bladder cancer. Urol Clin North Am. 1992 Aug; 19(3):455-65. PMID: 1636230.
      Citations: 10     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    70. Getzenberg RH, Pienta KJ, Ward WS, Coffey DS. Nuclear structure and the three-dimensional organization of DNA. J Cell Biochem. 1991 Dec; 47(4):289-99. PMID: 1795013.
      Citations: 25     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    71. Ward WS, Coffey DS. DNA packaging and organization in mammalian spermatozoa: comparison with somatic cells. Biol Reprod. 1991 Apr; 44(4):569-74. PMID: 2043729.
      Citations: 163     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    72. Farrington JE, Patel R, Ward WS. DNA attachment to the hamster sperm nuclear matrix and nuclear annulus. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991; 637:164-74. PMID: 1785770.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    73. Ward WS, Coffey DS. Specific organization of genes in relation to the sperm nuclear matrix. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Nov 30; 173(1):20-5. PMID: 2175176.
      Citations: 8     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    74. Carter BS, Ewing CM, Ward WS, Treiger BF, Aalders TW, Schalken JA, Epstein JI, Isaacs WB. Allelic loss of chromosomes 16q and 10q in human prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Nov; 87(22):8751-5. PMID: 1978938.
      Citations: 87     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    75. Ward WS, Partin AW, Coffey DS. DNA loop domains in mammalian spermatozoa. Chromosoma. 1989 Sep; 98(3):153-9. PMID: 2582896.
      Citations: 19     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    76. Ward WS, Coffey DS. Identification of a sperm nuclear annulus: a sperm DNA anchor. Biol Reprod. 1989 Aug; 41(2):361-70. PMID: 2804224.
      Citations: 11     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    77. Wedrychowski A, Schmidt WN, Ward WS, Hnilica LS. Cross-linking of cytokeratins to DNA in vivo by chromium salt and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II). Biochemistry. 1986 Jan 14; 25(1):1-9. PMID: 2420355.
      Citations: 4     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    78. Ward WS, Schmidt WN, Schmidt CA, Hnilica LS. Cross-linking of Novikoff ascites hepatoma cytokeratin filaments. Biochemistry. 1985 Jul 30; 24(16):4429-34. PMID: 2413887.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    79. Wedrychowski A, Ward WS, Schmidt WN, Hnilica LS. Chromium-induced cross-linking of nuclear proteins and DNA. J Biol Chem. 1985 Jun 10; 260(11):7150-5. PMID: 3997861.
      Citations: 15     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    80. Schmidt WN, Page DL, Schmidt CA, McKusick KB, Ward WS, Hnilica LS. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to novikoff hepatoma cytokeratin antigen p39. Cancer Res. 1984 Dec; 44(12 Pt 1):5867-79. PMID: 6209005.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    81. Ward WS, Schmidt WN, Schmidt CA, Hnilica LS. Association of cytokeratin p39 with DNA in intact Novikoff hepatoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jan; 81(2):419-23. PMID: 6198648.
      Citations: 5     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
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