"Botulinum Toxins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus,
MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure,
which enables searching at various levels of specificity.
Toxic proteins produced from the species CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM. The toxins are synthesized as a single peptide chain which is processed into a mature protein consisting of a heavy chain and light chain joined via a disulfide bond. The botulinum toxin light chain is a zinc-dependent protease which is released from the heavy chain upon ENDOCYTOSIS into PRESYNAPTIC NERVE ENDINGS. Once inside the cell the botulinum toxin light chain cleaves specific SNARE proteins which are essential for secretion of ACETYLCHOLINE by SYNAPTIC VESICLES. This inhibition of acetylcholine release results in muscular PARALYSIS.
| Descriptor ID |
D001905
|
| MeSH Number(s) |
D08.811.277.656.300.480.153 D08.811.277.656.675.374.153 D12.776.097.156 D23.946.123.179
|
| Concept/Terms |
Botulinum Toxins- Botulinum Toxins
- Toxins, Botulinum
- Botulinum Toxin
- Toxin, Botulinum
- Clostridium botulinum Toxins
- Toxins, Clostridium botulinum
- Botulin
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Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Botulinum Toxins".
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific than "Botulinum Toxins".
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Botulinum Toxins" by people in this website by year, and whether "Botulinum Toxins" was a major or minor topic of these publications.
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| Year | Major Topic | Minor Topic | Total |
|---|
| 1994 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1999 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2002 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2003 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2006 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2008 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2011 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
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click here.
Below are the most recent publications written about "Botulinum Toxins" by people in Profiles.
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Ross JA, Gilmore MA, Williams D, Aoki KR, Steward LE, Jameson DM. Characterization of F?rster resonance energy transfer in a botulinum neurotoxin protease assay. Anal Biochem. 2011 Jun 01; 413(1):43-9.
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Gilmore MA, Williams D, Okawa Y, Holguin B, James NG, Ross JA, Roger Aoki K, Jameson DM, Steward LE. Depolarization after resonance energy transfer (DARET): a sensitive fluorescence-based assay for botulinum neurotoxin protease activity. Anal Biochem. 2011 Jun 01; 413(1):36-42.
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Watts VL, Motley ED. Role of protease-activated receptor-1 in endothelial nitric oxide synthase-Thr495 phosphorylation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2009 Feb; 234(2):132-9.
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Zeidan A, Javadov S, Karmazyn M. Essential role of Rho/ROCK-dependent processes and actin dynamics in mediating leptin-induced hypertrophy in rat neonatal ventricular myocytes. Cardiovasc Res. 2006 Oct 01; 72(1):101-11.
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Song H, Nie L, Rodriguez-Contreras A, Sheng ZH, Yamoah EN. Functional interaction of auxiliary subunits and synaptic proteins with Ca(v)1.3 may impart hair cell Ca2+ current properties. J Neurophysiol. 2003 Feb; 89(2):1143-9.
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Sung JK, Miao L, Calvert JW, Huang L, Louis Harkey H, Zhang JH. A possible role of RhoA/Rho-kinase in experimental spinal cord injury in rat. Brain Res. 2003 Jan 03; 959(1):29-38.
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Civelek M, Ainslie K, Garanich JS, Tarbell JM. Smooth muscle cells contract in response to fluid flow via a Ca2+-independent signaling mechanism. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002 Dec; 93(6):1907-17.
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Landers M, Pytte C, Zeigler HP. Reversible blockade of rodent whisking: Botulinum toxin as a tool for developmental studies. Somatosens Mot Res. 2002; 19(4):358-63.
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Numaguchi K, Eguchi S, Yamakawa T, Motley ED, Inagami T. Mechanotransduction of rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells requires RhoA and intact actin filaments. Circ Res. 1999 Jul 09; 85(1):5-11.
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Kumar P, Colston JT, Chambers JP, Rael ED, Valdes JJ. Detection of botulinum toxin using an evanescent wave immunosensor. Biosens Bioelectron. 1994; 9(1):57-63.