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Rafael Rodriguez-Mercado

TitleMD, FAANS, FACS
Faculty RankProfessor
InstitutionUniversity of Puerto Rico
DepartmentSchool of Medicine
AddressUPR-Medical Sciences Campus, School of Medicine
San Juan PR 936
Phone7877582525 ext. 2943
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    Other Positions
    TitleAssociate Professor
    InstitutionUniformed Services University of Health Sciences
    DepartmentSurgery


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    Rafael Rodríguez-Mercado, MD, FACS. obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry from the Rio Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico, Doctor of Medicine and a Residency in Neurological Surgery from the University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine. Later he obtained a fellowship subspecialty in Endovascular Neurosurgery from the State University of New York at Buffalo.

    Since 1997, he was the pioneer in Endovascular Neurosurgery in the island and the entire Caribbean Basin. At the present moment is Professor of Neurosurgery at the University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine and director of the Endovascular Surgery Program of this institution. He also leads the same program at ASEM Stroke Medical Center and, since 2001, is the director of the Fellows Training Program in Neuroendovascular Surgery. There, he has trained leaders of many countries in this specialty. In his extensive professional career stands out the realization of about 5,000 endovascular corrections in people with intracranial congenital vascular malformations, being this one of the largest world series with one of the lowest postoperative mortalities in the world. Dr. Rodríguez Mercado is a member of 15 prestigious international medical societies and has participated in multiple scientific research projects. He has made more than 140 oral presentations in Puerto Rico and in more than 20 countries such as South Africa, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Spain, Portugal, France, South Korea, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Portugal, the Dominican Republic, Uruguay and Venezuela. He has been a lecturer outside of Puerto Rico on 80 occasions. Is author and co-author of 35 scientific articles in prestigious journals, such as the Journal of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery, Stroke, American Journal of Neuroradiology, and has written chapters of three health books.

    His life has been surrounded by excellence and achievements. His Endovascular Surgery program is recognized worldwide. In addition, for his qualities and vast administrative experience was chosen in 2009 as Interm Chancellor and on 2010, unanimously, as Chancellor of the Medical Sciences Campus of The University of Puerto Rico position that ends on 2013. He continues his clinical and academic work until January 2017 when he was appointed by Governor Ricardo Rossello Nevares as Secretary of Health of PR. On September 2017 he was appointed as an Associated Professor of Sugery at the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences at Bethesda, Maryland as part of his academic and military career.

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Seymour ZA, Chan JW, McDermott MW, Grills I, Ye H, Kano H, Lehocky CA, Jacobs RC, Lunsford LD, Chytka T, Li?c?k R, Lee CC, Yang HC, Ding D, Sheehan JP, Feliciano CE, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Chiang VL, Hess JA, Sommaruga S, McShane B, Lee JYK, Vasas LT, Kaufmann AM, Sneed PK. Adverse radiation effects in volume-staged radiosurgery for large arteriovenous malformations: a multiinstitutional study. J Neurosurg. 2022 Feb 01; 136(2):503-511. PMID: 34450589.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    2. Chen CJ, Ding D, Lee CC, Kearns KN, Pomeraniec IJ, Cifarelli CP, Arsanious DE, Liscak R, Hanuska J, Williams BJ, Yusuf MB, Woo SY, Ironside N, Warnick RE, Trifiletti DM, Mathieu D, Mureb M, Benjamin C, Kondziolka D, Feliciano CE, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Cockroft KM, Simon S, Mackley HB, Zammar SG, Patel NT, Padmanaban V, Beatson N, Saylany A, Lee J, Sheehan JP. Embolization of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations With Versus Without Onyx Before Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Neurosurgery. 2021 01 13; 88(2):366-374. PMID: 32860409.
      Citations: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    3. Chen CJ, Ding D, Lee CC, Kearns KN, Pomeraniec IJ, Cifarelli CP, Arsanious DE, Liscak R, Hanuska J, Williams BJ, Yusuf MB, Woo SY, Ironside N, Warnick RE, Trifiletti DM, Mathieu D, Mureb M, Benjamin C, Kondziolka D, Feliciano CE, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Cockroft KM, Simon S, Mackley HB, Zammar S, Patel NT, Padmanaban V, Beatson N, Saylany A, Lee J, Sheehan JP. Stereotactic Radiosurgery With Versus Without Embolization for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Neurosurgery. 2021 01 13; 88(2):313-321. PMID: 33017465.
      Citations: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    4. Chen CJ, Ding D, Lee CC, Kearns KN, Pomeraniec IJ, Cifarelli CP, Arsanious DE, Liscak R, Hanuska J, Williams BJ, Yusuf MB, Woo SY, Ironside N, Burke RM, Warnick RE, Trifiletti DM, Mathieu D, Mureb M, Benjamin C, Kondziolka D, Feliciano CE, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Cockroft KM, Simon S, Mackley HB, Zammar SG, Patel NT, Padmanaban V, Beatson N, Saylany A, Lee JYK, Sheehan JP. Stereotactic radiosurgery with versus without prior Onyx embolization for brain arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 2020 Dec 11; 135(3):742-750. PMID: 33307527.
      Citations: 7     Fields:    
    5. Hung YC, Mohammed N, Kearns KN, Chen CJ, Starke RM, Kano H, Lee J, Mathieu D, Kaufmann AM, Wang WG, Grills IS, Cifarelli CP, Vargo J, Chytka T, Janouskova L, Feliciano CE, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Cavernous Sinus Versus Noncavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: Outcomes and Outcome Predictors. Neurosurgery. 2020 05 01; 86(5):676-684. PMID: 31384943.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    6. Seymour ZA, Chan JW, Sneed PK, Kano H, Lehocky CA, Jacobs RC, Ye H, Chytka T, Liscak R, Lee CC, Yang HC, Ding D, Sheehan J, Feliciano CE, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Chiang VL, Hess JA, Sommaruga S, McShane B, Lee J, Vasas LT, Kaufmann AM, Grills I, McDermott MW. Dose response and architecture in volume staged radiosurgery for large arteriovenous malformations: A multi-institutional study. Radiother Oncol. 2020 03; 144:180-188. PMID: 31835173.
      Citations: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    7. Ding D, Chen CJ, Starke RM, Kano H, Lee JYK, Mathieu D, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Almodovar L, Grills IS, Kondziolka D, Barnett GH, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Risk of Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Hemorrhage Before and After Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Stroke. 2019 06; 50(6):1384-1391. PMID: 31043153.
      Citations: 15     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    8. Starke RM, McCarthy DJ, Chen CJ, Kano H, McShane BJ, Lee J, Patibandla MR, Mathieu D, Vasas LT, Kaufmann AM, Wang WG, Grills IS, Cifarelli CP, Paisan G, Vargo J, Chytka T, Janouskova L, Feliciano CE, Sujijantarat N, Matouk C, Chiang V, Hess J, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Tonetti DA, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Hemorrhage risk of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas following Gamma Knife radiosurgery in a multicenter international consortium. J Neurosurg. 2019 Mar 15; 132(4):1209-1217. PMID: 30875690.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    
    9. Chen CJ, Shabo LM, Ding D, Ironside N, Kano H, Mathieu D, Kondziolka D, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Grills IS, Barnett G, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Seizure Presentation in Patients with Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Treated with Stereotactic Radiosurgery: A Multicenter Study. World Neurosurg. 2019 Jun; 126:e634-e640. PMID: 30831294.
      Citations: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    10. Chen CJ, Kearns KN, Ding D, Kano H, Mathieu D, Kondziolka D, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Grills IS, Barnett GH, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Stereotactic radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations of the basal ganglia and thalamus: an international multicenter study. J Neurosurg. 2019 01 11; 132(1):122-131. PMID: 30641831.
      Citations: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    11. Starke RM, McCarthy DJ, Chen CJ, Kano H, McShane B, Lee J, Mathieu D, Vasas LT, Kaufmann AM, Wang WG, Grills IS, Patibandla MR, Cifarelli CP, Paisan G, Vargo JA, Chytka T, Janouskova L, Feliciano CE, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Tonetti DA, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Evaluation of stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas in a multicenter international consortium. J Neurosurg. 2019 01 04; 132(1):114-121. PMID: 30611144.
      Citations: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    12. Chen CJ, Ding D, Kano H, Mathieu D, Kondziolka D, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Grills IS, Barnett G, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Pediatric Versus Adult Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Stroke. 2018 08; 49(8):1939-1945. PMID: 30002149.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    13. Chen CJ, Ding D, Kano H, Mathieu D, Kondziolka D, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Sheehan DE, Grills IS, Barnett G, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Effect of Advanced Age on Stereotactic Radiosurgery Outcomes for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: A Multicenter Matched Cohort Study. World Neurosurg. 2018 Nov; 119:e429-e440. PMID: 30071340.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    14. Patibandla MR, Ding D, Kano H, Starke RM, Lee JYK, Mathieu D, Whitesell J, Pierce JT, Huang PP, Kondziolka D, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Almodovar L, Grills IS, Silva D, Abbassy M, Missios S, Barnett GH, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Effect of treatment period on outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain arteriovenous malformations: an international multicenter study. J Neurosurg. 2018 Feb 02; 130(2):579-588. PMID: 29393755.
      Citations: 5     Fields:    
    15. Patibandla MR, Ding D, Kano H, Xu Z, Lee JYK, Mathieu D, Whitesell J, Pierce JT, Huang PP, Kondziolka D, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Almodovar L, Grills IS, Silva D, Abbassy M, Missios S, Barnett GH, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Stereotactic radiosurgery for Spetzler-Martin Grade IV and V arteriovenous malformations: an international multicenter study. J Neurosurg. 2018 08; 129(2):498-507. PMID: 28885118.
      Citations: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    16. Saavedra-Pozo F, Vicenty-Padilla J, Rodriguez-Mercado R. A rare case of a vertebrojugular arteriovenous fistula: A case report and review of literature. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine. 2017 Jul-Sep; 8(3):268-270. PMID: 29021679.
      Citations:    
    17. Ding D, Starke RM, Kano H, Lee JYK, Mathieu D, Pierce J, Huang P, Missios S, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Almodovar L, Grills IS, Silva D, Abbassy M, Kondziolka D, Barnett GH, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Radiosurgery for Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: An International Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study. Neurosurgery. 2017 Jun 01; 80(6):888-898. PMID: 28431024.
      Citations: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    18. Ding D, Starke RM, Kano H, Mathieu D, Huang PP, Kondziolka D, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Almodovar L, Grills IS, Silva D, Abbassy M, Missios S, Barnett GH, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Stereotactic Radiosurgery for ARUBA (A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations)-Eligible Spetzler-Martin Grade I and II Arteriovenous Malformations: A Multicenter Study. World Neurosurg. 2017 Jun; 102:507-517. PMID: 28344176.
      Citations: 12     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    19. Starke RM, Ding D, Kano H, Mathieu D, Huang PP, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Almodovar L, Grills IS, Silva D, Abbassy M, Missios S, Kondziolka D, Barnett GH, Dade Lunsford L, Sheehan JP. International multicenter cohort study of pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations. Part 2: Outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2017 Feb; 19(2):136-148. PMID: 27911249.
      Citations: 12     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    20. Ding D, Starke RM, Kano H, Mathieu D, Huang PP, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Almodovar L, Grills IS, Silva D, Abbassy M, Missios S, Kondziolka D, Barnett GH, Dade Lunsford L, Sheehan JP. International multicenter cohort study of pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations. Part 1: Predictors of hemorrhagic presentation. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2017 Feb; 19(2):127-135. PMID: 27911248.
      Citations: 21     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    21. Cohen-Inbar O, Starke RM, Kano H, Bowden G, Huang P, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Almodovar L, Grills IS, Mathieu D, Silva D, Abbassy M, Missios S, Lee JYK, Barnett GH, Kondziolka D, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebellar arteriovenous malformations: an international multicenter study. J Neurosurg. 2017 Sep; 127(3):512-521. PMID: 27689461.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    22. Cohen-Inbar O, Starke RM, Paisan G, Kano H, Huang PP, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Almodovar L, Grills IS, Mathieu D, Silva D, Abbassy M, Missios S, Lee JYK, Barnett GH, Kondziolka D, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Early versus late arteriovenous malformation responders after stereotactic radiosurgery: an international multicenter study. J Neurosurg. 2017 Sep; 127(3):503-511. PMID: 27662534.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    23. Ding D, Starke RM, Kano H, Lee JY, Mathieu D, Pierce J, Huang PP, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Almodovar L, Grills IS, Silva D, Abbassy M, Missios S, Kondziolka D, Barnett GH, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Stereotactic radiosurgery for Spetzler-Martin Grade III arteriovenous malformations: an international multicenter study. J Neurosurg. 2017 Mar; 126(3):859-871. PMID: 27081906.
      Citations: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    24. Ding D, Starke RM, Kano H, Mathieu D, Huang P, Kondziolka D, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Almodovar L, Grills IS, Silva D, Abbassy M, Missios S, Barnett GH, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Radiosurgery for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations in A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA)-Eligible Patients: A Multicenter Study. Stroke. 2016 Feb; 47(2):342-9. PMID: 26658441.
      Citations: 24     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. Brown BL, Lopes D, Miller DA, Tawk RG, Brasiliense LB, Ringer A, Sauvageau E, Powers CJ, Arthur A, Hoit D, Snyder K, Siddiqui A, Levy E, Hopkins LN, Cuellar H, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Veznedaroglu E, Binning M, Mocco J, Aguilar-Salinas P, Boulos A, Yamamoto J, Hanel RA. The fate of cranial neuropathy after flow diversion for carotid aneurysms. J Neurosurg. 2016 Apr; 124(4):1107-13. PMID: 26473786.
      Citations: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    26. Feliciano CE, Pamias-Portalatin E, Mendoza-Torres J, Effio E, Moran Y, Rodriguez-Mercado R. Color-coded digital subtraction angiography in the management of a rare case of middle cerebral artery pure arterial malformation. A technical and case report. Interv Neuroradiol. 2014 Dec; 20(6):715-21. PMID: 25496681.
      Citations: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    27. Zevallos J, Santiago F, Gonz?lez J, Rodr?guez A, Pericchi L, Rodr?guez-Mercado R, Nobo U. Burden of stroke in Puerto Rico. Int J Stroke. 2015 Jan; 10(1):117-9. PMID: 25141980.
      Citations: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    28. Tarrats LA, Aquino CG, Murphy GC, Mercado RR. Arteriovenous fistula presenting as a failed hearing test. Am J Otolaryngol. 2014 May-Jun; 35(3):449-51. PMID: 24457128.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    29. Rodriguez-Mercado R, Ford GD, Xu Z, Kraiselburd EN, Martinez MI, Eterovic VA, Colon E, Rodriguez IV, Portilla P, Ferchmin PA, Gierbolini L, Rodriguez-Carrasquillo M, Powell MD, Pulliam JV, McCraw CO, Gates A, Ford BD. Acute neuronal injury and blood genomic profiles in a nonhuman primate model for ischemic stroke. Comp Med. 2012 Oct; 62(5):427-38. PMID: 23114047.
      Citations: 14     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    30. Fargen KM, Hoh BL, Welch BG, Pride GL, Lanzino G, Boulos AS, Carpenter JS, Rai A, Veznedaroglu E, Ringer A, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Kan P, Siddiqui A, Levy EI, Mocco J. Long-term results of enterprise stent-assisted coiling of cerebral aneurysms. Neurosurgery. 2012 Aug; 71(2):239-44; discussion 244. PMID: 22472556.
      Citations: 50     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    31. Mocco J, Fargen KM, Albuquerque FC, Bendok BR, Boulos AS, Carpenter JS, Fiorella DJ, Hoh BL, Howington JU, Liebman KM, Natarajan SK, Rai AT, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Siddiqui AH, Snyder KV, Veznedaroglu E, Hopkins LN, Levy EI. Delayed thrombosis or stenosis following enterprise-assisted stent-coiling: is it safe? Midterm results of the interstate collaboration of enterprise stent coiling. Neurosurgery. 2011 Oct; 69(4):908-13; discussion 913-4. PMID: 21670718.
      Citations: 41     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    32. Feliciano CE, Effio E, Hern?ndez-Gait?n MS, Garc?a A, Rodr?guez-Mercado R. Extracranial carotid artery stenting: the Puerto Rico medical center endovascular neurosurgery service experience. P R Health Sci J. 2011 Jun; 30(2):69-72. PMID: 21682149.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    33. Feliciano CE, de Le?n-Berra R, Hern?ndez-Gait?n MS, Rodr?guez-Mercado R. A proposal for a new arteriovenous malformation grading scale for neuroendovascular procedures and literature review. P R Health Sci J. 2010 Jun; 29(2):117-20. PMID: 20496526.
      Citations: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    34. Ringer AJ, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Veznedaroglu E, Levy EI, Hanel RA, Mericle RA, Lopes DK, Lanzino G, Boulos AS. Defining the risk of retreatment for aneurysm recurrence or residual after initial treatment by endovascular coiling: a multicenter study. Neurosurgery. 2009 Aug; 65(2):311-5; discussion 315. PMID: 19625910.
      Citations: 27     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    35. Mocco J, Snyder KV, Albuquerque FC, Bendok BR, Alan S B, Carpenter JS, Fiorella DJ, Hoh BL, Howington JU, Jankowitz BT, Liebman KM, Rai AT, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Siddiqui AH, Veznedaroglu E, Hopkins LN, Levy EI. Treatment of intracranial aneurysms with the Enterprise stent: a multicenter registry. J Neurosurg. 2009 Jan; 110(1):35-9. PMID: 18976057.
      Citations: 81     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    36. Feliciano CE, Rodr?guez-Mercado R. Evaluation of pediatric patients with vascular malformations managed with endovascular and radiosurgical techniques using a modified Rankin Disability Scale. P R Health Sci J. 2008 Mar; 27(1):27-33. PMID: 18450230.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
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